We wrap up Season 2 with California Treasurer Fiona Ma. We cover California’s deficit; the challenge and opportunity of ESG investing; why housing affordability is California's number one policy challenge; how she advocates for Calfornia's agriculture; why she's a card carrying SAG member; and how Kristi Yamaguchi helped her save San Francisco's Cow Palace, among many other topics. In Ripped from the Headlines, we look deeper into California's plan to put multiple bond proposals on the ballot to address some of its ongoing challenges.

As we wrap up season 2, we look back at some of the themes that dominated the season. These key themes include state revenue challenges, the emergence of AI in public finance, cybersecurity, the impact of e-sports on public finance, the economies of "industry" cities, and how municipalities are thinking about building back better.

We talk to Zach Mohr, Professor at the University of Kansas, about all things elections (not campaign!) finance. He unpacks the many types election administration costs; why states are banning private investment in elections administration; how elections administration competes with other core state/local services; and why, given all these challenges, elections administration is "a miracle." In Ripped from the Headlines, we discuss an article that explains how the looming threat of federal government shutdowns interferes with predictable funding for state/local elections.

We welcome Genesis Gavino, Chief of Staff and Resilience Officer for the City of Dallas, TX. She explains why resilience is an environmental, financial, and equity issue; the challenges of climate adaptation for a "Blue City in a Red State"; why Dallas has prioritized climate adaptation; how the city measures progress and holds itself accountable for resilience goals and plans; and how membership in voluntary climate organizations helps create urban resiliency, among many other topics. In Ripped from the Headlines, we discuss a story from The Atlantic about how "climate migrants" might remake the Great Lakes region.

We converse on California's state budget with Gabe Petek, Legislative Analyst for the State of California. He explains California's dueling state budget deficit figures; why the current revenue shortfall is different than the 2008 recession; how much of California's budget woes are "structural" vs. "cyclical"; how he and Governor Newsom propose to address the budget deficit; why economic mobility matters to state budgeting; and how Gabe's prior life in Muniland shapes his views the Legislative Analyst's role, among many other topics. In Ripped from the Headlines, we discuss a story about how a new education program in Maryland is leading to large projected budget deficits over the next few years.

Professor Don Moynihan from Georgetown University's McCourt School of Public Policy shares his views on "administrative burden." He tells us how he defines administrative burden and why it's important for state and local public money, the opportunities and trade offs involved in reducing administrative burden, and what the pandemic taught us about how we might redesign the social safety net. In Ripped from the Headlines, we discuss an article about Maine's move to offer free lunch to all public school students, and what that move has meant for data about poverty.

We talk to Casey Kopcho, principal auditor in the Oregon Secretary of State's office. He shares his thoughts on the risks, opportunities and outlook for artificial intelligence in state government, with emphasis on AI and election integrity, how we might regulate AI; and why Furbees are the original AI, among many other topics. In Ripped from the Headlines, we talk about a piece that covers Nebraska's AI and Democracy Summit.

We talk to Michael Gaughan, Executive Director of Vermont Bond Bank (and rumored long-time Public Money Pod fan). He tells us why bond banks are well-equipped to meet the unique capital markets challenges of small and rural communities, how the Bank is focused on climate adaptation investments, and how they are leveraging federal dollars from the IRA and IRJA, among many other topics. In Ripped from the Headlines, we discuss a report on the nation's crumbling drinking water systems, and how breakdowns in those systems impact local communities and economies.

We visit with Matt Wachter and Drew Whiting, co-founder and current Executive Director, respectively, of the Erie (PA) Downtown Development Corporation. They share Erie's experience with Opportunity Zones (OZs), including a remarkably fast launch; building community around OZs; the challenge of sustaining progress; what OZs mean for local public finance; and how they define success. In Ripped from the Headlines, we review a story covering the proposed changes in the renewal of the federal OZ legislation.

We talk to Dag Detter, author of The Public Wealth of Cities and advisor to governments around the world. We consider how state/local governments account for long-term assets, why he thinks current accounting rules are not up to the task, and his vision to fix it. He also lays out his argument for public wealth funds in the United States. In Ripped from the Headlines, we continue the conversation about public finance and real estate with a story about Meriden, Connecticut's plan to sell vacant public land.

We welcome Laura Allen, budget analyst with the Maryland Department of Budget and Management AND current President of the Government Finance Officers Association (GFOA). We discuss GFOA's priorities for the year, with special emphasis on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in public finance; GFOA's research agenda; and why public money is a great career for women, among many other topics. In Ripped from the Headlines, we discuss a story about the future of government jobs with the emergence of artificial intelligence.

We continue our state treasurer series with Kansas Treasurer Steven Johnson. We discuss his office's role in distributing federal funding; his take on the Kansas "Income Tax Experiment"; the state’s philosophy on ESG investing, why Modern Portfolio Theory is alive and well in the Sunflower State; and adventures in unclaimed property. In Ripped from the Headlines, we discuss the National Association of State Budget Officers' latest edition of the Fiscal Survey of the States.

We continue our state treasurer series with Washington State Treasurer Mike Pellicciotti. We discuss how his office has led the legislative effort on savings at birth (Baby Bonds) and for retirement (auto IRAs), and why savings is a rural economic development tool; his advocacy for the federal SAFE Banking Act for financial services for recreational marijuana businesses; and why he sees the anti-ESG movement as dangerous. In Ripped from the Headlines, we discuss Citi's exit from the municipal bond business.

We talk to Dawn Lang (CFO) and Riann Balch (Community Resources Manager) from the City of Chandler, AZ. They walk us through the causes and consequences of their city's rise in homelessness, the success of their Community Navigators program, how homelessness touches both the revenue and the spending side of the Activity Statement, and how they're planning for the coming fiscal cliff, among other topics. In Ripped from the Headlines, we look at an article about how Colorado has worked to create a better user experience to improve participation in their family leave program.

We talk to Louisiana Treasurer John Schroder about Louisiana's finances. He shares his views on ESG investing, how pension investing can drive economic development, and why integrity is everything in public finance. In Ripped from the Headlines, we continue the discussion about Louisiana with a story about how changes in property insurance coverage in the state is affecting public school districts finances.

We visit with Megan Kilgore, City Auditor for the City of Columbus, Ohio. She explains the challenges and opportunities of an income tax-driven municipality; the keys to timely financial reporting; transparency and timeliness in the wake of the Financial Data Transparency Act (FDTA); and the future of municipal finance, among many other topics. In Ripped from the Headlines, we discuss S&P’s warning to Santa Fe, NM following that city's chronic lateness in financial reporting.

We visit with Washoe County, Nevada CFO Abbe Yacoben. She describes the County's unique financial challenges and opportunities; its efforts to address housing affordability; why it's investing in election infrastructure; and how to build a career in financial leadership, among many other topics.. In Ripped from the Headlines, we talk about some analysis of the San Francisco-to-Seattle exodus.

We talk to Morgan Wright, a renowned expert on government tech, AI, and cybersecurity. He shares his view on tech talent in the public sector, how cities and states should think about tech infrastructure investment, and where he thinks AI can help or hurt governments. In Ripped from the Headlines, we talk about a story giving more details about a growing interest in the public sector in hiring private sector tech talent, and what that might mean for the future of tech in the public sector.

We visit with Travis Ahern, Town Administrator of Holliston, Massachusetts. He explains the challenges and opportunities of other post-employment benefit (OPEB) liabilities, Holliston's approach to funding OPEB, how OPEB and pensions are both alike and unlike, and why "soft liabilities" matter to credit ratings, among many other topics. In Ripped from the Headlines, we talk about the State of Connecticut’s progress on pension funding and ongoing challenges with OPEB funding.

We talk to Pamela Frederick, CFO of the Battery Park City Authority in New York City. She describes Battery Park City's unique sustainability challenges, the opportunities for investing in the infrastructure of sustainability, the broad skillset required of today's state/local CFO, and some thoughts on further research in the climate and resiliency finance arena. In Ripped From the Headlines, we recap one of Liz’s recent Route Fifty articles about the challenging property/casualty insurance markets in California and Florida.